Construction, exposure, and reconstruction real and virtual image b. Although holograms were immediately popular for art, practical applications of optical holography lagged until the 1980s. A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to. Digital holography dh is a 3d imaging technique which has been widely developed during the past few decades thanks to the enormous advances in digital imaging and computer technology.
Diffraction tomography fourier diffraction theorem. The reconstruction of the object field encoded within the hologram is based on the principle of light diffraction. Document watermarking based on holographic principle. The process of producing a holographic reconstruction is explained below purely in. After invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various areas.
The phases of the stored light waves can be calculateddirectly from the digital holograms, without. The difference between holography and photography is best understood by considering what a black and white photograph actually is. The development of new holography methods made it suitable for new industrial and scientific applications. Listen to jason arthur sapan talk about the history of holography on gizmodo. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is. These features include an improved focal depth, possibility to generate 3d images, and phase contrast images, one popular version of the experimental setup in digital holography is the digital fresnel holography, which uses quasiparallel beans to record with a. Relation between basic holographic processes and the response of photographic film c. Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction using hologram researchgate. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer.
To understand the basics of holography through the creation of holograms using the direct beam, offaxis transmission procedure. Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. Holograms can also be created using an expanding laser beam, but the magnification will vary with depth and this must be compensated for in the reconstruction program. In zhao 2008 recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography was demonstrated. In a known conventional method of transmission hologram construction a single beam of radiation emanating from a single beam source usually a laser is split. The same procedure is followed to reconstruct the object back. Schnars and juptner applied their method to interferome. The optical design and construction of a reflection holographic stereogram system is herein. More complete discussions of the theory are in references 1, 2, 3.
The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. Introduction digital holographic microscopy employs interferometry for imaging the threedimensional 3d structure of biological specimens. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy myung k. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. Holographic interferometry holography virtual gallery. Penalizedlikelihood image reconstruction for digital holography. Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications. In recent years the field of digital holography became an attractive research area following the developments of ccdarrays and an ever increasing computational power of computers. This paper discusses the reconstruction of sectional images from a hologram generated by optical scanning holography. For large distances these marks become almost invisible.
Principle of holography holography works on the principles of interference and diffraction of light two step process. Digital holography is an attractive method for instantaneous measurement of threedimensional 3d objects and numerical reconstruction of the 3d objects after the recording. Reconstruction of the original volume can be accomplished by applying digital reconstruction or decoding techniques. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. Overview holography was invented in 1947 by hungarian physicist dennis gabor 19001979, for which he received the nobel prize in physics in 1971. Just as chemists use sticks and balls to help them visualize the structure of molecules, our model will allow us to visualize, and thus understand, the physical characteristics of holograms without using advanced mathematics. To reconstruct the real images with the given view angle, let us consider a plane wave. Digital holography technique allows recording and reconstruction of. Types of holograms a hologram is a recording in a two or threedimensional medium of the interference pattern formed when a point source of light the reference beam of fixed wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object the object beam. Pdf in this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of. Because holographic image reconstruction is an illposed problem, our statistical technique is based on penalizedlikelihood estimation.
An object ox,y when illuminated by a plane wave, the fourier transform of the projected field measured on the line tt gives the values of the 2d transform of the object along a semicircular arc in the frequency domain instead of. Holography is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. Dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction of 3d. However, its presence degrades the primary wave and prevents getting a high quality hologram.
Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. The next section describes how to record holograms directly with. Recording media for construction of static 3dvolume holograms should have the following. Reconstruction enhancements with optical scanning holography. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Optics for reflection holographic stereogram systems core. Kim university of south florida, department of physics, 4202 e. Examples of digital hologram reconstruction programs. Compared with conventional methods, digital holography has some obvious advantages. This technique achieves 3d reconstruction of objects from a 2d hologramimage and reaches accuracies in the range of or smaller than the wavelength. Creating your own illusion lab manual sarah honorowski 01, shialing kwa 01 and shane smith 02 purpose. A typical holographic recording and reconstruction setup considered for explaining the theoretical foundations of holography is shown in figure 2.
Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording, whereby a sound field created by vibrating matter like musical. Index terms interferometry, digital holography, microscopy, zeroorder, cepstrum. In the optical realm holography took off in the early 1970s after the. Optical holography didnt take off until the invention of the laser in 1960. Dec 05, 2017 this is small topic of engineering physics. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. If so, and the wave, restored from the hologram, completely corresponds to the object at recording, hence, this wave can be investigated by the same optical methods, as the object.
The light coming from the object under test and a reference wave interfere in the hologram plane. The advantage of this technique is that it allows for the reconstruction of both amplitude and phase of a wave. Transmission holography is the most widespread type. Today, holograms are used for data storage, optical communications. This book presents a selfcontained treatment of the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction digital holography. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a hologram requires a reference beam in addition to the light re.
Here we investigate digital holography reconstruction methods and compare them for the accuracy and the computational speed. If the holographic plate is illuminated after its development using the same reference wave used in the recording process, the light will diffract into three orders of diffraction if the diffraction network is sinusoidal. The digital construction and its reconstruction are described in this section. Recording and reconstruction of holograms 2 22603 phywe series of publications laboratory experiments physics phywe systeme gmbh 37070 gottingen, germany transmission hologram perform the experimental setup according to fig. The fourier hologram is stimulated with this zeropadded image. Simulation of digital hologram first of all, the mark image to be hidden is resized and inserted into a zeroimage with the same dimensions as the content image to be protected. These programs were written in the matlab language. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the whole reconstruction process, since the.
Information exchanged between project stakeholders in 2d format is often subject. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with variable. We present a mathematical model for the holographic image capture, which facilitates the use of inverse imaging techniques to recover individual sections. Sparse reconstruction in digital holography loicdenis observatoiredelyon jointworkwithcorinnefournier,ferreolsoulezandericthiebaut loic denis sparse reconstruction in digital holography. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image. Holography is a technique that enables a light field which is generally the result of a light source scattered off objects to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information.
This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle objects with multiple sections. One of the disadvantages of inline holography is the twin image appearing around the object having the shape of rings after reconstruction fig. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns between light. May 04, 1993 the present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. Today, holograms are used for data storage, optical communications, interferometry in engineering and microscopy, security, and holographic scanning. The principle of recording and reconstruction of holograms is shown in fig. Reconstruction of image in the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. Page 2 of 6 laser cutting and welding laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for. History of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Additional requirements include a powerful, coherent, monochromatic light source e. Reconstruction from digital holograms by statistical methods. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography using.
Pdf 3d volume reconstruction technology is the new sign of future technology and communications. The more common holograms that can be seen under white light are referred to as reflection holograms and are created when the object and reference beams are incident on opposite faces of the film. Digital holographic measurement and phase reconstruction. To make holography accessible to a general audience with widely varied backgrounds, a physical model is useful. Optimized image reconstruction in digital holography. This is the reason of limitation of gabor holography. Nobel prize winner dennis gabor, holographys inventor, saw the film after it was made and said it was the. This film examines the process of holography, types of holograms, and the uses of the hologram for artistic and scientific purposes, as demonstrated by tung h. The simulation is done using a fast calculation method, where wave propagation in spectral domain and in cylindrical coordinates is used to generate the cylindrical hologram of a 3d object. Materials used for holography and material characteristics 3.
Optical scanning holography osh 1 has the benefit of recording the entire threedimensional 3d volume of a specimen in the form of a two dimensional 2d hologram. The principle optical holographic recording is shown in. Enhanced scattering from a periodic structure grating equation, grating period d. This beam is identical to reference beam used in construction of hologram. Sep 30, 2010 history of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique.
Digital holography has several features that make it an interesting alternative to conventional microscopy. The first part deals with optical foundations and the theory of holography. The reconstruction can be implemented optically for visualization. Multiplewavelength color digital holography for monochromatic. Holography is a method that allows reconstruction of whole optical wave fields. In digital offaxis holography l, the most common approach for ext. Dynamics after a spatially localized optical excitation pdf. The present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. To fully understand the history of holography you need to have a basic idea of what a hologram is. The discussion in this chapter will also make clear the need for a cylindrical shaped hologram, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Holography is the method of recording and reconstruction of the total optical information from the object. Institute of physics publishing measurement science and technology meas. Kronrod and others published reconstruction of a hologram with a computer find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. This nois is due to the disturbance created by the convergent beam, and due to specks of dust 14.
Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. During the recording of the hologram the wave diffracted by the object and the reference wave are recombined on the same side of the photosensitive plate. During reconstruction, depending on the orientation of the. Computational reconstruction of images from optical holograms. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography. Originally, holography was a technique used to improve electron microscopes. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with. Pdf dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction. Penalizedlikelihood image reconstruction for digital. Recording and reconstruction process in holography winner.
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